The meaning of Running
Running – definition
nounThe action or movement of a runner.
Usage examples:
His running tore united to shredsnounThe action of managing or operating something.
Usage examples:
The day-to-day running of the office
adjective(of water) flowing naturally or supplied to a building through pipes and taps.
Usage examples:
Hot and cold running wateradjectiveDone while running.
Usage examples:
A running jump
verbMove at a speed faster than a walk, never having both or all the feet on the ground at the same time.
Usage examples:
The dog ran across the roadverbPass or cause to pass quickly in a particular direction.
Usage examples:
The rumour ran through the pack of photographersverb(with reference to a liquid) flow or cause to flow.
Usage examples:
A small river runs into the sea at one side of the castleverbExtend or cause to extend in a particular direction.
Usage examples:
Cobbled streets run down to a tiny harbourverb(of a bus, train, ferry, or other form of transport) make a regular journey on a particular route.
Usage examples:
Buses run into town every half hourverbBe in charge of; manage.
Usage examples:
Andrea runs her own catering businessverbBe in or cause to be in operation; function or cause to function.
Usage examples:
The car runs on unleaded fuelverbContinue or be valid or operative for a particular period of time.
Usage examples:
The course ran for two daysverbStand as a candidate in an election.
verbPublish or be published in a newspaper or magazine.
Usage examples:
The tabloid press ran the storyverbBring (goods) into a country illegally and secretly; smuggle.
Usage examples:
They run drugs for the cocaine cartelsSynonims:
verbCost (someone) (a specified amount).
Usage examples:
A new photocopier will run us about $1,300verb(of a stocking or pair of tights) develop a ladder.
verbProvide.
Usage examples:
The wait-and-see game continues until the government runs some ready cash
nounThe management or operation of something
Usage examples:
The running of a large household is not easy.
adjectiveHappening continuously without interruption
Usage examples:
A running battle/argument/dispute, the news site has kept up a running commentary on the state of t…
Running translation into English
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Running: translate from English into German
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Running: translate from English into Spanish
Word origin
Old English rinnan, irnan (verb), of Germanic origin, probably reinforced in Middle English by Old Norse rinna, renna . The current form with -u- in the present tense is first recorded in the
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Running – similar words
run
verbMove at a speed faster than a walk, never having both or all the feet on the ground at the same time.
Usage examples:
The dog ran across the road
nounAn act or spell of running.
Usage examples:
I usually go for a run in the morning
verbMove fast by using one's feet
Running synonims
administer
verbManage and be responsible for the running of (a business, organization, etc.).
Usage examples:
Each school was administered separately
verbSupervise or be in charge of
administration
nounThe process or activity of running a business, organization, etc.
Usage examples:
The day-to-day administration of the company
nounThe management or control of an organization
Usage examples:
[ u ] he’s studying business administration., [ c ] the clinton administration has been full of sur…
nounThe activity of managing or dealing with a business activity
Usage examples:
Administration of the scheme is costly in terms of time., she studied business administration at ne…
behave
verbAct or conduct oneself in a specified way, especially towards others.
Usage examples:
He always behaved like a gentleman
verbTo act in a particular way, or to act in a way that is considered correct
Usage examples:
[ i ] the judge will instruct the jury on how it is to behave.
verbTo do something or happen in a particular way
Usage examples:
Commodities markets don't always behave in the way people expect.
bolt
nounA bar that slides into a socket to fasten a door or window.
Usage examples:
He reached through the hole in the door and slid the bolt on the inside.
verbFasten (a door or window) with a bar that slides into a socket.
Usage examples:
All the doors were locked and bolted
verb(of a horse or other animal) run away suddenly, typically from fear.
Usage examples:
The horses shied and bolted
boss
nounA person who is in charge of a worker, group, or organization.
Usage examples:
I asked my boss for a promotion
verbGive (someone) orders in a domineering manner.
Usage examples:
He does not like being bossed around
adjectiveExcellent; outstanding.
Usage examples:
That was a real boss move on his part
bound
verbWalk or run with leaping strides.
Usage examples:
Louis came bounding down the stairs
nounA leaping movement towards or over something.
Usage examples:
I went up the steps in two effortless bounds
verbForm the boundary of; enclose.
Usage examples:
The ground was bounded by a main road on one side and a meadow on the other
ca
ˈkalsɪəm
abbreviation(preceding a date or amount) circa.
Usage examples:
He was born ca 1400
abbreviationCalifornia (in official postal use).
nounThe chemical element of atomic number 20, a soft grey metal.
career
nounAn occupation undertaken for a significant period of a person's life and with opportunities for progress.
Usage examples:
He seemed destined for a career as an engineer like his father
verbMove swiftly and in an uncontrolled way.
Usage examples:
The coach careered across the road and went through a hedge
nounA job for which you are trained and in which it is possible to advance during your working life, so that you get greater responsibility and earn more money
Usage examples:
He’s hoping for a career in social work., she left college to pursue an acting career., the bus car…
carry
verbSupport and move (someone or something) from one place to another.
Usage examples:
Medics were carrying a wounded man on a stretcher
nounAn act of carrying something from one place to another.
Usage examples:
We did a carry of equipment from the camp
verbTo transport or take from one place to another
Usage examples:
The plane carried 116 passengers and a crew of seven., would you like me to carry your bag for you?…
cascade
nounA small waterfall, typically one of several that fall in stages down a steep rocky slope.
Usage examples:
The waterfall raced down in a series of cascades
verb(of water) pour downwards rapidly and in large quantities.
Usage examples:
Water was cascading down the stairs
cast
verbCause (light or shadow) to appear on a surface.
Usage examples:
The moon cast a pale light over the cottages
nounThrow the hooked and baited end of (a fishing line) out into the water.
verbThe actors taking part in a play, film, or other production.
Usage examples:
He draws sensitive performances from his inexperienced cast
ceaseless
adjectiveConstant and unending.
Usage examples:
The fort was subjected to ceaseless bombardment
adjectiveContinuing without ever stopping
Usage examples:
When a baby becomes ill there can be ceaseless crying., she worked ceaselessly for change.
charge
verbDemand (an amount) as a price for a service rendered or goods supplied.
Usage examples:
Wedding planners may charge an hourly fee of up to £150
nounA price asked for goods or services.
Usage examples:
Our standard charge for a letter is £25
nounAn ambassador's deputy.
coast
nounThe part of the land adjoining or near the sea.
Usage examples:
The west coast of africa
verb(of a person or vehicle) move easily without using power.
Usage examples:
They were coasting down a long hill
nounThe land next to or close to the sea
Usage examples:
We lived on the southeast coast of florida., he coasted to a stop., she coasted through her senior …
conduct
nounThe manner in which a person behaves, especially in a particular place or situation.
Usage examples:
They were arrested for disorderly conduct
verbOrganize and carry out.
Usage examples:
In the second trial he conducted his own defence
verbDirect the performance of (a piece of music or an orchestra, choir, etc.).
Usage examples:
The concert is to be conducted by sir simon rattle
constant
adjectiveOccurring continuously over a period of time.
Usage examples:
The constant background noise of the city
nounA situation that does not change.
Usage examples:
The condition of struggle remained a constant
adjectiveNearly continuous or very frequent
Usage examples:
We had a constant stream of visitors., even in this age of high technology, the popularity of hunti…
continue
verbPersist in an activity or process.
Usage examples:
He was unable to continue with his job
verbTo keep happening or to keep doing something without stopping
Usage examples:
[ + to infinitive ] if it continues to rain, we may have to cancel the outdoor concert., [ + to inf…
continuous
adjectiveForming an unbroken whole; without interruption.
Usage examples:
The whole performance is enacted in one continuous movement
adjectiveWithout a pause or break
Usage examples:
A continuous line of traffic, he spoke continuously for more than two hours.
control
nounThe power to influence or direct people's behaviour or the course of events.
Usage examples:
The whole operation is under the control of a production manager
verbDetermine the behaviour or supervise the running of.
Usage examples:
He was appointed to control the company's marketing strategy
verbPower to direct or determine
controlling
verbDetermine the behaviour or supervise the running of.
Usage examples:
He was appointed to control the company's marketing strategy
nounThe power to influence or direct people's behaviour or the course of events.
Usage examples:
The whole operation is under the control of a production manager
nounA person or thing used as a standard of comparison for checking the results of a survey or experiment.
Usage examples:
Platelet activity was higher in patients with the disease than in the controls
coordinate
verbBring the different elements of (a complex activity or organization) into a harmonious or efficient relationship.
Usage examples:
He had responsibility for coordinating london's transport services
adjectiveEqual in rank or importance.
Usage examples:
Cross references in the catalogue link subjects which may be coordinate
nounEach of a group of numbers used to indicate the position of a point, line, or plane.
Usage examples:
It happened when he came across a theorem which stated that points in the plane could be specified …
coordination
nounThe organization of the different elements of a complex body or activity so as to enable them to work together effectively.
Usage examples:
An important managerial task is the control and coordination of activities
nounThe linking of atoms by coordinate bonds.
Usage examples:
In either case, the new structure represents an interesting and unique case of metal coordination i…
nounThe activity of organizing separate things so that they work together
Usage examples:
We need better coordination between state and local authorities., your child's improved hand-eye co…
course
nounThe route or direction followed by a ship, aircraft, road, or river.
Usage examples:
The road adopts a tortuous course along the coast
verb(of liquid) move without obstruction; flow.
Usage examples:
Tears were coursing down her cheeks
nounThe particular path something such as an aircraft or ship takes as it moves, or the path along which a river flows
Usage examples:
A southern course will take our flight over texas., the ship was blown off course (= away from its …
dart
nounA small pointed missile that can be thrown or fired.
Usage examples:
The classroom was littered with paper darts
verbMove or run somewhere suddenly or rapidly.
Usage examples:
She darted across the street
verbA sudden quick movement
dash
verbRun or travel somewhere in a great hurry.
Usage examples:
I dashed into the garden
exclamationUsed to express mild annoyance.
Usage examples:
Dash it all, i am in charge
nounAn act of running somewhere suddenly and hastily.
Usage examples:
She made a dash for the door
direct
adjectiveExtending or moving from one place to another without changing direction or stopping.
Usage examples:
There was no direct flight that day
adverbWith no one or nothing in between.
Usage examples:
They seem reluctant to deal with me direct
verbControl the operations of; manage or govern.
Usage examples:
An economic elite directed the nation's affairs
direction
nounA course along which someone or something moves.
Usage examples:
She set off in the opposite direction
nounThe position toward which someone or something moves or faces
Usage examples:
Cars were facing every direction after slamming into each other on the icy road., i glanced in her …
dribble
verb(of a liquid) fall slowly in drops or a thin stream.
Usage examples:
Rain dribbled down the window
nounA thin stream of liquid; a trickle.
Usage examples:
A dribble of blood
verbTo move or happen slowly in small amounts or a few at a time
Usage examples:
Customers dribbled in and out all day., juice dribbled down the baby’s chin., water leaked from the…
drip
verbLet fall or be so wet as to shed small drops of liquid.
Usage examples:
The tap won't stop dripping
nounA small drop of a liquid.
Usage examples:
She put the bucket on top of the dresser to catch the drips
verbFlowing in drops
extend
verbCause to cover a wider area; make larger.
Usage examples:
The car park has been extended
verbStretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope
verbTo reach, continue, or stretch
Usage examples:
[ i ] farmland extends for miles in every direction., [ i ] the meeting extended into the late hour…
feature
nounA distinctive attribute or aspect of something.
Usage examples:
A well-appointed house with interesting decorative features
verbHave as a prominent attribute or aspect.
Usage examples:
The hotel features a large lounge, a sauna, and a coin-operated solarium
nounA noticeable or important characteristic or part
Usage examples:
This car has excellent safety features., she has fine, delicate features (= parts of the face)., th…
flick
nounA sudden quick movement.
Usage examples:
The flick of a switch
verbStrike or propel (something) with a sudden quick movement of the fingers.
Usage examples:
Max flicked his bow tie
verbThrow or toss with a quick motion
flood
nounAn overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits, especially over what is normally dry land.
Usage examples:
The villagers had been cut off by floods and landslides
verbShort for floodlight.
verbTo fill or become covered with water or to cause this to happen to something
Usage examples:
[ t ] a burst pipe flooded the bathroom., [ i ] the basements of many downtown buildings would floo…
flow
verb(of a liquid, gas, or electricity) move steadily and continuously in a current or stream.
Usage examples:
From here the river flows north
nounThe action or fact of moving along in a steady, continuous stream.
Usage examples:
The flow of water into the pond
verb(esp. of liquids, gases, or electricity) to move in one direction, esp. continuously and easily
Usage examples:
Air flows over an aircraft’s wing faster than it flows under it., lava from the volcano was flowing…
flowing
adjective(especially of long hair or clothing) hanging or draping loosely and gracefully.
Usage examples:
A long flowing gown of lavender silk
verb(of a liquid, gas, or electricity) move steadily and continuously in a current or stream.
Usage examples:
From here the river flows north
adjectiveMoving in one direction, especially continuously and easily
Usage examples:
A fast-flowing river, flowing movements/lines, i thought i recognized your flowing script., i remem…
fly
verb(of a bird, bat, or insect) move through the air using wings.
Usage examples:
Close the door or the moths will fly in
nounAn opening at the crotch of a pair of trousers, closed with a zip or buttons and typically covered with a flap.
Usage examples:
Interesting alternatives are velcro straps or, if the shorts fit perfectly, stylish button flies.
nounA flying insect of a large order characterized by a single pair of transparent wings and sucking (and often also piercing) mouthparts. flies are of great importance as vectors of disease.
Usage examples:
Almost 40 years ago ed lewis discovered a remarkable fly that differs from an ordinary fly by one e…
function
nounAn activity that is natural to or the purpose of a person or thing.
Usage examples:
Bridges perform the function of providing access across water
verbWork or operate in a proper or particular way.
Usage examples:
Her liver is functioning normally
nounA purpose or duty, or the way something or someone works
Usage examples:
[ u ] the function of the veins is to carry blood to the heart., [ c ] one of your functions as rec…
gallop
nounThe fastest pace of a horse or other quadruped, with all the feet off the ground together in each stride.
Usage examples:
The horse broke into a furious gallop
verb(of a horse) go at the pace of a gallop.
Usage examples:
We galloped along the sand
verbA fast gait of a horse
glide
verbMove with a smooth, quiet continuous motion.
Usage examples:
A few gondolas glided past
nounA gliding movement.
Usage examples:
The cuckoo makes its approach in a hawklike glide
go
ɡəʊ
verbMove from one place to another; travel.
Usage examples:
He went out to the shops
nounAn attempt or trial at something.
Usage examples:
Have a go at answering the questions yourself
adjectiveFunctioning properly.
Usage examples:
All systems go
govern
verbConduct the policy, actions, and affairs of (a state, organization, or people) with authority.
Usage examples:
He was incapable of governing the country
verbTo control and be responsible for the public business of a country, state, city, or other organized group
Usage examples:
[ t ] the newly elected president will govern the country for four years., prices of manufactured g…
verbTo control and manage a country, city, group of people, etc.
Usage examples:
The party was accused of being unfit to govern., today, he governs a state where hispanics make up …
gush
verb(of a liquid) flow out of something in a rapid and plentiful stream.
Usage examples:
Water gushed out of the washing machine
nounA rapid and plentiful stream or burst of something.
Usage examples:
A gush of blood
verbTo flow or pour out suddenly in large amounts
Usage examples:
Water gushed out of the broken pipe., "this is the best party i’ve ever had," taylor gushed., [ i ]…
gushing
adjective(of speech or writing) effusive or exaggeratedly enthusiastic.
Usage examples:
Gushing praise
verb(of a liquid) flow out of something in a rapid and plentiful stream.
Usage examples:
Water gushed out of the washing machine
adjectiveExpressing a positive feeling, especially praise, in such a strong way that it does not sound sincere
Usage examples:
One of the more gushing newspapers described the occasion as "a fairy-tale wedding".
handling
verbFeel or manipulate with the hands.
Usage examples:
Heavy paving slabs can be difficult to handle
nounThe part by which a thing is held, carried, or controlled.
Usage examples:
A holdall with two carrying handles
nounA name or nickname.
Usage examples:
That's some handle for a baby
hare
nounA fast-running, long-eared mammal that resembles a large rabbit, having very long hind legs and typically found in grassland or open woodland.
Usage examples:
European game animals include various deer, wild boar, hare, and rabbit.
verbRun with great speed.
Usage examples:
He hared off between the trees
hasten
verbBe quick to do something.
Usage examples:
He hastened to refute the assertion
verbTo hurry, or to make something go or happen faster
Usage examples:
[ + to infinitive ] they didn’t get what they were after – thanks to you, i hasten to add., [ t ] t…
head
nounThe upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.
Usage examples:
Whatever comes into my head
adjectiveChief; principal.
Usage examples:
The head waiter
verbBe in the leading position on.
Usage examples:
The st george's day procession was headed by the mayor
hurry
verbMove or act with great haste.
Usage examples:
We'd better hurry
nounGreat haste.
Usage examples:
In my hurry to leave i knocked over a pile of books
verbTo move or act quickly, or to cause someone to move or act quickly
Usage examples:
[ i ] we have to hurry if we’re going to make it there in time., [ t ] i hurried the kids through t…
hurtle
verbMove or cause to move at high speed, typically in an uncontrolled manner.
Usage examples:
A runaway car hurtled towards them
verbMove with or as if with a rushing sound
verbTo move very fast, esp. in what seems a dangerous way
Usage examples:
The truck hurtled along at breakneck speed.
idle
adjective(of a person) avoiding work; lazy.
Usage examples:
Idle students
verbSpend time doing nothing.
Usage examples:
Four men were idling outside the shop
adjectiveNot working, not active, or doing nothing
Usage examples:
Idle factories, the machines are standing idle because there are no spare parts., idle speculation,…
incessant
adjective(of something regarded as unpleasant) continuing without pause or interruption.
Usage examples:
The incessant beat of the music
adjective(esp. of something unpleasant) never stopping
Usage examples:
The region endured weeks of incessant rain., bob talks incessantly about their new baby.
issue
nounAn important topic or problem for debate or discussion.
Usage examples:
The issue of racism
verbSupply or distribute (something) for use or sale.
Usage examples:
Licences were issued indiscriminately to any company
nounA subject or problem that people are thinking and talking about
Usage examples:
There continues to be a great deal of debate over the property tax issue., isn’t the need to hire m…
jet
nounA rapid stream of liquid or gas forced out of a small opening.
Usage examples:
A jet of boiling water spurted over his hand
verbSpurt out in jets.
Usage examples:
Blood jetted from his nostrils
nounA hard black semi-precious variety of lignite, capable of being carved and highly polished.
Usage examples:
Jet beads
last
adjectiveComing after all others in time or order; final.
Usage examples:
They caught the last bus
adverbOn the last occasion before the present; previously.
Usage examples:
A woman last heard of in cornwall
nounThe last person or thing; the one occurring, mentioned, or acting after all others.
Usage examples:
The last of their guests had gone
lead
verbCause (a person or animal) to go with one by holding them by the hand, a halter, a rope, etc. while moving forward.
Usage examples:
She emerged leading a bay horse
nounThe initiative in an action; an example for others to follow.
Usage examples:
Britain is now taking the lead in environmental policies
nounA soft, heavy, ductile bluish-grey metal, the chemical element of atomic number 82. it has been used in roofing, plumbing, ammunition, storage batteries, radiation shields, etc., and its compounds have been used in crystal glass, as an anti-knock agent in petrol, and (formerly) in paints.
Usage examples:
There's evidence that heavy metals such as lead and cadmium can make osteoporosis worse.
leak
verb(of a container or covering) accidentally lose or admit contents, especially liquid or gas, through a hole or crack.
Usage examples:
The roof leaked
nounA hole in a container or covering through which contents may accidentally pass.
Usage examples:
I checked all of the pipework for leaks
verb(of a liquid or gas) to escape from a hole or crack in a pipe or container, or (of a container) to allow liquid or gas to escape
Usage examples:
[ i ] he heard the sound of dripping and saw water leaking from a pipe overhead., [ t ] the ship ra…
look after
collocationKeep under careful scrutiny
phrasal verbTake care of someone or something.
Usage examples:
Meg is expected to come straight home from school and look after her younger sister
phrasal verbTo care for or be in charge of someone or something
Usage examples:
He looks after his son during the day., annie can look after herself.
manage
verbBe in charge of (a business, organization, or undertaking); run.
Usage examples:
Their elder son managed the farm
verbBe in charge of, act on, or dispose of
verbTo succeed in doing something, esp. something difficult
Usage examples:
[ + to infinitive ] the pilot managed to land the plane safely., [ + to infinitive ] we managed to …
management
nounThe process of dealing with or controlling things or people.
Usage examples:
The management of the economy
managing
adjectiveHaving executive control or authority.
Usage examples:
The managing director
verbBe in charge of (a business, organization, or undertaking); run.
Usage examples:
Their elder son managed the farm
verbPresent participle of manage
Usage examples:
[ + to infinitive ] did you manage to get any bread?, i only just managed to finish on time., a sma…
move
verbGo in a specified direction or manner; change position.
Usage examples:
She moved to the door
nounA change of place, position, or state.
Usage examples:
She made a sudden move towards me
verbChange location
moving
adjectiveIn motion.
Usage examples:
A fast-moving river
verbGo in a specified direction or manner; change position.
Usage examples:
She moved to the door
nounThe act or process of someone going to live or work in a different place, or of a company taking all or part of its business to a different place
Usage examples:
Any moving expenses will be paid by the company.
ongoing
adjectiveContinuing; still in progress.
Usage examples:
Ongoing negotiations
adjectiveContinuing to exist, happen, or develop
Usage examples:
The investigation is ongoing.
operate
verb(of a person) control the functioning of (a machine, process, or system).
Usage examples:
The prime minister operates a system of divide and rule
verbPerform as expected when applied
verbTo work or cause something to work, be in action, or have an effect
Usage examples:
[ t ] how do you operate the remote control unit?, [ i ] changes are being introduced to make the d…
operation
nounThe action of functioning or the fact of being active or in effect.
Usage examples:
Restrictions on the operation of market forces
nounA mathematical process, such as addition, in which one set of numbers is produced from another
Usage examples:
She underwent a six-hour open-heart operation., [ u ] several printing presses are in operation (= …
nounThe fact of operating or being active
Usage examples:
Come into/begin operation we expect the new procedure to come into operation early next year., be o…
orchestration
nounThe arrangement or scoring of music for orchestral performance.
Usage examples:
Prokofiev's mastery of orchestration
nounAn arrangement of a piece of music to be played by an orchestra
Usage examples:
The song features classical piano and lush orchestration., i love the richly textured orchestration…
organization
nounAn organized group of people with a particular purpose, such as a business or government department.
Usage examples:
A research organization
organize
verbArrange systematically; order.
Usage examples:
Organize lessons in a planned way
verbArrange by systematic planning and united effort
verbTo make the necessary plans for something to happen; arrange
Usage examples:
The group organizes theater trips once a month., they organized a meeting between the students and …
oversee
verbSupervise (a person or their work), especially in an official capacity.
Usage examples:
The home secretary oversees the police service
verbWatch and direct
overseeing
verbSupervise (a person or their work), especially in an official capacity.
Usage examples:
The home secretary oversees the police service
verbTo watch and manage a job or activity
Usage examples:
As marketing manager, her job is to oversee all the company’s advertising.
verbTo watch or organize a job or an activity to make certain that it is being done correctly
Usage examples:
As marketing manager, her job is to oversee all the company's advertising., the capital management …
pass
verbMove or cause to move in a specified direction.
Usage examples:
He passed through towns and villages
nounAn act or instance of moving past or through something.
Usage examples:
Repeated passes with the swipe card
exclamationSaid when one does not know the answer to a question, for example in a quiz.
Usage examples:
To the enigmatic question we answered ‘pass’
perennial
adjectiveLasting or existing for a long or apparently infinite time; enduring or continually recurring.
Usage examples:
His perennial distrust of the media
nounA perennial plant.
Usage examples:
Perennials will transform the garden in summer
adjectiveLasting a long time, or happening repeatedly or all the time
Usage examples:
Each year, the nation’s marketers try to answer the perennial question, what do consumers really wa…
perform
verbCarry out, accomplish, or fulfil (an action, task, or function).
Usage examples:
I have my duties to perform
verbGet done
verbTo do an action or piece of work
Usage examples:
[ t ] the operation was performed with the patient under general anesthesia., [ i ] the car perform…
perpetual
adjectiveNever ending or changing.
Usage examples:
Deep caves in perpetual darkness
adjectiveContinuing forever, or happening all the time
Usage examples:
They lived in perpetual fear of being discovered., she resented his perpetual complaining about her…
adjectiveUsed to describe a bond or other investment that pays interest for ever
Usage examples:
Cp issued £88 million of perpetual bonds from 1889 onward.
ply
nounA thickness or layer of a folded or laminated material.
Usage examples:
Tiles that have a black pvc ply in the lamination
verbWork steadily with (a tool).
Usage examples:
A tailor delicately plying his needle
nounA layer of something such as wood or paper, or a thread that is wrapped with other threads to form yarn (= wool cord) or rope
Usage examples:
Two-ply facial tissue, new buses plied the city's bus routes this week., extreme-sports athletes pl…
pound
nounA unit of weight equal to 16 oz. avoirdupois (0.4536 kg), or 12 oz. troy (0.3732 kg).
Usage examples:
A short ton is the standard u.s. ton of 2,000 pounds and measures weight.
verbStrike or hit heavily and repeatedly.
Usage examples:
Patrick pounded the couch with his fists
verbShut (an animal) in a pound.
pour
verbFlow rapidly in a steady stream.
Usage examples:
Water poured off the roof
verbTo make a substance flow, esp. out of a container and usually into another container
Usage examples:
[ t ] pour the sugar into the bowl., [ t ] would you like me to pour you some coffee?, [ i ] water …
verbProduce (books, newspapers, etc.), especially in large quantities, by a mechanical process involving the transfer of text or designs to paper.
Usage examples:
A thousand copies of the book were printed
nounThe text appearing in a book, newspaper, or other printed publication, especially with reference to its size, form, or style.
Usage examples:
She forced herself to concentrate on the tiny print
verbThe text appearing in a book, newspaper, or other printed publication
publish
verbPrepare and issue (a book, journal, piece of music, etc.) for public sale, distribution, or readership.
Usage examples:
We publish practical reference books
verbTo make available to the public, usually by printing, a book, magazine, newspaper, or other document
Usage examples:
[ t ] she was 29 when her first novel was published., [ t ] we plan to begin publishing a newslette…
verbTo produce books, magazines, software, etc. and to make them available to the public by selling them
Usage examples:
They publish a range of business books and software., the journal does not publish correspondence f…
race
nounA competition between runners, horses, vehicles, etc. to see which is the fastest in covering a set course.
Usage examples:
Hill started from pole position and won the race
verbCompete with another or others to see who is fastest at covering a set course or achieving an objective.
Usage examples:
The vet took blood samples from the horses before they raced
nounEach of the major groupings into which humankind is considered (in various theories or contexts) to be divided on the basis of physical characteristics or shared ancestry.
Usage examples:
People of all races, colours, and creeds
range
nounThe area of variation between upper and lower limits on a particular scale.
Usage examples:
The cost will be in the range of $1–5 million a day
verbVary or extend between specified limits.
Usage examples:
Prices range from £30 to £100
adjective(of a person or their lifestyle) orderly; settled.
Usage examples:
It's possible to be too rangé
reach
verbStretch out an arm in a specified direction in order to touch or grasp something.
Usage examples:
He reached over and turned off his bedside light
nounAn act of reaching out with one's arm.
Usage examples:
She made a reach for him
recurrent
adjectiveOccurring often or repeatedly.
Usage examples:
She had a recurrent dream about falling
adjectiveHappening again many times
Usage examples:
The patient has a two-month history of recurrent episodes of pancreatitis., the 'what ifs' of histo…
recurring
adjectiveOccurring again periodically or repeatedly.
Usage examples:
Gratitude is a recurring theme in the book
verbOccur again periodically or repeatedly.
Usage examples:
When the symptoms recurred, the doctor diagnosed something different
adjectiveHappening or being done, paid, etc. regularly, rather than on only one occasion
Usage examples:
Recurring revenues/costs/expenses the company returned to growth last year with recurring revenues …
regulate
verbControl or maintain the rate or speed of (a machine or process) so that it operates properly.
Usage examples:
A hormone which regulates metabolism
verbTo control an activity or process by rules or a system
Usage examples:
A computer system regulates production., [ + question word ] their parents regulate how much tv the…
verbTo check that the activities of a business or organization are legal and follow official rules or laws
Usage examples:
Congress has the power to regulate interstate commerce., the agency regulates the financial service…
regulation
nounA rule or directive made and maintained by an authority.
Usage examples:
Planning regulations
release
verbAllow or enable to escape from confinement; set free.
Usage examples:
An official confirmed the prisoners would be released
nounThe action or process of releasing or being released.
Usage examples:
A campaign by the prisoner's mother resulted in his release
roll
verbMove in a particular direction by turning over and over on an axis.
Usage examples:
The car rolled down into a ditch
nounA cylinder formed by winding flexible material round a tube or by turning it over and over on itself without folding.
Usage examples:
A roll of carpet
verbMove by turning over or rotating
rush
verbMove with urgent haste.
Usage examples:
Oliver rushed after her
nounA sudden quick movement towards something, typically by a number of people.
Usage examples:
There was a rush for the door
nounAn erect, tufted marsh or waterside plant resembling a sedge or grass, with inconspicuous greenish or brownish flowers. widely distributed in temperate areas, some kinds are used for matting, chair seats, and baskets.
Usage examples:
Then the land went down, and there was marsh of rushes and willow and hazel.
rushing
adjectiveMoving with urgent haste.
Usage examples:
He seems so calm amid all the rushing people
nounThe action of moving with urgent haste.
Usage examples:
Despite all the rushing and hustling, we still feel on christmas there is something wonderful about…
verbMove with urgent haste.
Usage examples:
Oliver rushed after her
scamper
verb(especially of a small animal or child) run with quick light steps, especially through fear or excitement.
Usage examples:
He scampered in like an overgrown puppy
nounAn act of scampering.
Usage examples:
He heard the squeak and scamper of rats
verbRun or move about quickly or lightly
scurry
verb(of a person or small animal) move hurriedly with short quick steps.
Usage examples:
Pedestrians scurried for cover
nounA situation of hurried and confused movement.
Usage examples:
I was in such a scurry
scuttle
nounA metal container with a handle, used to fetch and store coal for a domestic fire.
Usage examples:
Carrying endless scuttles of coal up from the cellar
verbRun hurriedly or furtively with short quick steps.
Usage examples:
A mouse scuttled across the floor
nounAn act or sound of scuttling.
Usage examples:
I heard the scuttle of rats across the room
seep
verb(of a liquid) flow or leak slowly through porous material or small holes.
Usage examples:
Water began to seep through the soles of his boots
nounA place where petroleum or water oozes slowly out of the ground.
Usage examples:
The stable isotope composition of the first and second stages of the worm tube carbonates is simila…
shoot
verbKill or wound (a person or animal) with a bullet or arrow.
Usage examples:
He was shot in the leg during an armed robbery
nounA young branch or sucker springing from the main stock of a tree or other plant.
Usage examples:
He nipped off the new shoots that grew where the leaves joined the stems
exclamationVariant spelling of chute1.
shuttle
nounA form of transport that travels regularly between two places.
Usage examples:
The nine o'clock shuttle from edinburgh
verbShort for shuttlecock.
nounA vehicle or aircraft that travels regularly between two places, carrying people or things
Usage examples:
You can take the shuttle across town., the new york to boston shuttle is usually on time., [ i ] a …
skim
verbRemove (a substance) from the surface of a liquid.
Usage examples:
As the scum rises, skim it off
nounA thin layer of a substance on the surface of a liquid.
Usage examples:
A skim of ice
verbRemove from the surface
slide
verbMove smoothly along a surface while maintaining continuous contact with it.
Usage examples:
She slid down the bank into the water
nounA structure with a smooth sloping surface for children to slide down.
Usage examples:
Anna played on the slide
verbMove smoothly along a surface
sloosh
nounA rush of water or an energetic rinsing.
Usage examples:
A sloosh with this mouthwash helps loosen plaque
verb(of liquid) flow or pour with a rush.
Usage examples:
She gazed at the torrent of water slooshing downstream
smuggle
verbMove (goods) illegally into or out of a country.
Usage examples:
He's been smuggling cigarettes from gibraltar into spain
verbImport or export without paying customs duties
verbTo take things or people to or from a country or place illegally and secretly
Usage examples:
He was caught trying to smuggle goods across the border., drug smugglers
speed
nounThe rate at which someone or something moves or operates or is able to move or operate.
Usage examples:
We turned on to the runway and began to gather speed
verbMove quickly.
Usage examples:
I got into the car and home we sped
noun(a) rate at which something moves or happens
Usage examples:
[ c ] a speed of 25 miles per hour, [ u ] both cars were traveling at high speed., [ u ] they came …
spill
verbCause or allow (liquid) to flow over the edge of its container, especially unintentionally.
Usage examples:
You'll spill that tea if you're not careful
nounA quantity of liquid that has spilled or been spilt.
Usage examples:
Wipe up spills immediately
nounA thin strip of wood or paper used for lighting a fire, candle, pipe, etc.
sprint
verbRun at full speed over a short distance.
Usage examples:
I saw charlie sprinting through the traffic towards me
nounAn act or short spell of running at full speed.
Usage examples:
Greg broke into a sprint
verbRun very fast, usually for a short distance
spurt
verbGush out in a sudden and forceful stream.
Usage examples:
He cut his finger, and blood spurted over the sliced potatoes
nounA sudden gushing stream.
Usage examples:
A sudden spurt of blood gushed into her eyes
streak
nounA long, thin line or mark of a different substance or colour from its surroundings.
Usage examples:
A streak of oil
verbCover (a surface) with streaks.
Usage examples:
Tears streaking her face, cynthia looked up
nounA mark of a color that is different from what surrounds it, or a thin strip of light
Usage examples:
Streaks of gray and black colored the marble., the comet appeared as a dazzling streak in the sky.,…
stream
nounA small, narrow river.
Usage examples:
A perfect trout stream
verb(of liquid, air, gas, etc.) run or flow in a continuous current in a specified direction.
Usage examples:
She sat with tears streaming down her face
nounA small river that flows on or below the surface of the ground
Usage examples:
Rivers are wider, deeper, and longer than streams., the faucet leaked in a steady stream., an endle…
streaming
nounA method of transmitting or receiving data (especially video and audio material) over a computer network as a steady, continuous flow, allowing playback to start while the rest of the data is still being received.
adjective(of a cold) accompanied by copious running of the nose and eyes.
Usage examples:
She's got a streaming cold
verb(of liquid, air, gas, etc.) run or flow in a continuous current in a specified direction.
Usage examples:
She sat with tears streaming down her face
stretch
stretʃ
verb(of something soft or elastic) be made or be capable of being made longer or wider without tearing or breaking.
Usage examples:
My jumper stretched in the wash
nounAn act of stretching one's limbs or body.
Usage examples:
I got up and had a stretch
verbTo reach across a distance or become longer or wider, or to cause something to do this
Usage examples:
[ i ] rubber stretches when you pull it., [ t ] the banner was stretched across the street., [ m ] …
superintend
verbBe responsible for the management or arrangement of (an activity or organization); oversee.
Usage examples:
He superintended a land reclamation scheme
verbTo be officially in charge of a process or activity
Usage examples:
The attorney general has been stripped of his role in superintending prosecutions.
supervise
verbObserve and direct the execution of (a task or activity).
Usage examples:
The sergeant left to supervise the loading of the lorries
verbWatch and direct
supervision
nounThe action of supervising someone or something.
Usage examples:
He was placed under the supervision of a probation officer
nounThe activity of managing a department, project, etc. and of making sure that things are done correctly and according to the rules
Usage examples:
Supervision of sb/sth supervision of capital markets will help to mobilize resources for investment…
sustained
adjectiveContinuing for an extended period or without interruption.
Usage examples:
Several years of sustained economic growth
verbStrengthen or support physically or mentally.
Usage examples:
This thought had sustained him throughout the years
adjectiveContinuing for a time
Usage examples:
Sustained applause, we’ll have to make a sustained effort to finish this job on time.
sweep
verbClean (an area) by brushing away dirt or litter.
Usage examples:
I've swept the floor
nounAn act of sweeping something with a brush.
Usage examples:
I was giving the floor a quick sweep
travel
verbGo from one place to another, typically over a distance of some length.
Usage examples:
The vessel had been travelling from libya to ireland
nounThe action of travelling.
Usage examples:
My job involves a lot of travel
verbTo go from one place to another on a trip, usually over a long distance
Usage examples:
[ i ] the train was traveling (at) about 100 miles an hour., [ t ] i travel long distances as part …
trickle
verb(of a liquid) flow in a small stream.
Usage examples:
A solitary tear trickled down her cheek
nounA small flow of liquid.
Usage examples:
A trickle of blood
verb(of liquid) to flow slowly and without force
Usage examples:
Blood trickled from a cut in his forehead., after the hurricane, all the telephones were out, and i…
unbroken
adjectiveNot broken, fractured, or damaged.
Usage examples:
An unbroken glass
unceasing
adjectiveNot coming to an end; continuous.
Usage examples:
The unceasing efforts of the staff
uninterrupted
adjectiveWithout a break in continuity.
Usage examples:
An uninterrupted flow of traffic
adjectiveWithout any pauses or interruptions
Usage examples:
Most people do not get eight hours of uninterrupted sleep every night., through all this time, his …
adjectiveWithout any pauses or interruptions
Usage examples:
Most people do not get eight hours of uninterrupted sleep every night., through all this time, his …
whizz
verbMove quickly through the air with a whistling or buzzing sound.
Usage examples:
The missiles whizzed past
nounA whistling or buzzing sound made by something moving fast through the air.
Usage examples:
I can add whizzes, bangs and sparkles really easily.
nounSomeone who is very good and successful at something
Usage examples:
A whizz at/on/with sth you don't have to be a whizz at computers in this job., a computer/financial…
work
nounActivity involving mental or physical effort done in order to achieve a purpose or result.
Usage examples:
He was tired after a day's work
verbBe engaged in physical or mental activity in order to achieve a result; do work.
Usage examples:
She has been working so hard
combining formDenoting things or parts made of a specified material or with specified tools.
Usage examples:
Silverwork
working
adjectiveHaving paid employment.
Usage examples:
The size of the working population
nounThe action of doing work.
Usage examples:
Working with animals teaches patience
verbBe engaged in physical or mental activity in order to achieve a result; do work.
Usage examples:
She has been working so hard
zoom
verbMove or travel very quickly.
Usage examples:
He jumped into his car and zoomed off
nounA camera shot that changes smoothly from a long shot to a close-up or vice versa.
Usage examples:
As a result, instead of the clean visuals that typify the science fiction genre, we see lens flares…
exclamationUsed to express sudden fast movement.
Usage examples:
Then suddenly, zoom!, he's off
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